14 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

14 - Coursework Example I personally think that this assumption is accurate that crimes can be controlled by monitoring the surroundings. it is different from the other techniques as it direct monitoring and controlling the surroundings. People are be watched and actions are taken immediately by the concerning authorities. Environmental manipulation occurs when the surroundings of an individual are used to prevent crimes. These include access control, surveillance, residential areas which include limiting the activities of pedestrians and other unrelated people, use of close-circuit cameras, activity support and motivation reinforcement. Observing all the methods and techniques of environmental manipulation to control crime; I personally think that use of close-circuit cameras would be much effective in crime controlling as such a technique would prevent from more crime and people would be aware of the fact that they are being watched by the official authorities who are monitoring their actions. It would help in controlling drug related crimes more

Chandler Health Strategy 2015-17

Chandler Health Strategy 2015-17 CHANDLER HEALTH  STRATEGY FOR 2015-2017 INTRODUCTION With the voyage of time, the need of quality and prompt healthcare services has become unevitable asset in the heathcare system. Chandler health, a non profit organsisation, is equipped with highly qualified and adroit healthcare manpower, devoted to deliver the finest services regarding acute, community and elderly healthcare as per the necessity and demand of the general peblians. This document outlines the three years strategy that has been considered by the chandler health to achieve the odjectives set by the organisation and establish organisation as a one of the finest healthcare organisation to deliver prompt and apt care and faclity to the consumers. MOTO: â€Å"OUR ENDEAVOUR IS TO MAKE YOU FELL BETTER.† GOAL To bolster adroit manpower and work as a unit to deliver excellent health services. In the healthcare system, teamwork has been a major focus in the longevity of the organisation. Involvements of healthcare worker are pillars for the establishment of healthcare organisation. And in additions administrative staff and stakeholders also play a significant and symbiotic role in the betterment of the organisation. Potent collaboration between the manpower, respect and understanding and communication in a healthcare certainly boosts the quality of patient care and furthermore curtails the adversity in the healthcare and reduces physical and mental stress among the healthcare professions. OBJECTIVE ACTION CHALLENGES Build and expand health care workforce Recruitment of qualified staff. Orientation of job and accountability. Provide training if necessary. Time consuming phenomenon and economically expensive. Some applicant may have negative interpretation about organisation so leads to loss of adroit manpower Construct a team as per the requirement of organisation Create team as soon as possible for better mutual understanding within the team members. Selection must be done on the basic of capacity expertise and knowledge embodied by the individuals. Some individual savour isolation and do better without a team effort. Conflict to represent a team leader may arise. Establish collaborative team work between workers and appreciate the team effort. Actuate all the team members to work as team and understand, respect and communicate each other for the betterment of the organisation. Unwillingness of some of the team member to work as a team and share ideas and skills. Misunderstanding between the team members due to poor communication. Enhancement of dexterity and knowledge within the staff Funding in educational opportunity. Update with the current health services and technology. Provide training and professional opportunity. Hesitation of the staff to cope with new technology and health related issues, especially aged staffs. Due to lucrative nature of health organisation skilled staff may leave work for other opportunity. Transparency within workforce Establish robust harmony between the clinical and non-clinical faculty. Conflict within the workers With the establishment of objectives, it is obligatory the measure whether the objective and action deployed by the organisation has been successful or lagging behind. Measurement can be achieved by evaluation of team, accomplishment of team, conducting a query within the workers and obtain a feedback from the staff about the team and pros and cons of the team strategy. And furthermore a meeting can be organized to understand and discuss about the challenges prefaced by the staff, outcome of the strategy and enlighten flaws and weakness of team, that need to be amended for the healthcare organisation to thrive and sustain in this lucrative world. Framework for the implementation of strategy Strategy, ironically, is a tool through which an organisation meets the vision and objectives allocated and further enable an organisation to elect the appropriate pathway and proper action to determine the future of the health organisaton in a limited time frame (Morden 2007). As strategies are meant to achieve in a certain time frame, proper planning, establishment of priorities and development of strategic framework is mandatory for the better progress, outcomes and longevity of Chandler Health organisation. The chief executive officer (CEO) of chandler health organisation has the major accountability to provide a specific and precise direction and motivation to the staff to achieve the goals within the limited time frame. CEO further invents a methodical and structured plan or strategy to meet the objective and vision of the organisation within three years (Stephen Barnwell 2007).The major strategic framework of Chandler Health organisation includes, Understand the need of the consumers and establish customer–centered care. Consultation with the stakeholders of Chandler health Organisation. Formulation of committee. Establish transparency within the staff of the organisation. Evaluation of the strategy. 1 Understand the need of consumer and establish customer-centered care Understanding the basic need and necessity of the consumers and establishment of consumer centered care within the community is the major aim of Chandler Health organisation (Constand et al. 2014). The organisation firmly asserts that establishment of consumer centered care not only recuperate illness and tribulation of the consumers, outstanding health consequences, better consumers satisfaction and lessen health expenses (Freeman 2003), it also envelop the mitigating partnership, profound communication and faith between the consumers and provider (Epstein et al. 2009). Pay attention to the opinion of the consumers, enhancing effective communication with the consumers, review the consumers’ feedback about the services delivered by the organsation and to meet the expectation and trust of the consumers (PricewaterhouseCoopers 2008) are the major action considered by the organsation to attend superlative consumer centered care. And in addition Candler Health actuate all the staf f and faculty members to respect single consumer and savour diversities. And further assures that existence of poise between the patients centered care delivery and racial, ethnic and socio-cultural value, as organisation believes that lack of disparities in delivering patient care ministers to attend quality of healthcare services and facilities for every consumer (Johnson et al. 2004). 2. Consulting with the shareholders of Chandler Health Organisation Implementation of strategy, constructing a framework and to make a precise and accurate decision is simply impossible without the involvement of stakeholders, as all the financial activity for instant funding, and decision making are achieved through stakeholders. By and large, stakeholder has a significant and crucial involvement in formidable outcome of the organisation. Chandler Health firmly understands the importance of the presence of stakeholders in the planning and plotting for the establishment of effective strategic framework in a limited lapse of time. Primary step needed to be considered before consultation with the stakeholders is to identify the stakeholders of the organisation (Wood et al. 2012). Indeed, there is no apt definition of the stakeholders. Stakeholders could be people and any institution, funding and assisting the organisation relating internally or externally (Morden 2007). After the completion of identification procedure, classification of stakeholders is obligatory. Basically stakeholders can be categorise as Internal stakeholders Internal stakeholders represent the manpower employed by the organisation and work within the circumference of organisaton. The internal stakeholders embodies owners, CEO, the board of directors, shareholders, shareholders family, trust members and all the non clinical staffs and clinical staffs Including General Practitioners, Nurses, and all the allied health professions (Mordern 2007; Freemam 2010). External Stakeholders External stakeholders represent people or professional institution living outside the boundary of organisation ministering the organisation in decision making or providing moral support for the progress and welfare of the organisation. Immediate external stakeholders are customers and family member of the consumers and other external stakeholder comprises of, professional bodies, regulatory institutions, community, social services agency and government representative at local, regional and state level capable to clout the board regulation and legislation (Mordern 2007; Freeman 2010) Chandler health organisation also implement a stakeholder crosswalk , constructed mainly to consider appropriate stakeholders in decision making in a peculiar area of expertise and in appropriate time (Eveleigh et al 2012). And finally Chandler health is committed to create stakeholder network map and maintain robust relationship and ambience among the stakeholders (Wood et al. 2012). 3. Formulation of committee After planning of strategy, it is a herculean task to implement, manage and maintain the strategy. A team is needed to create to implement and maintain the efficacy of the strategy. Establishment of strategic committee is extremely important for the betterment of organisation. Chandler health would select the members in the strategic on basic of interest and expertise in the relevant field so that skills and knowledge embedded within the committee members could be utilised for providing the apt direction in decision making (Jeffrey, April Daniel, 2003). Chandler Heath is committed to involve top level managers, middle managers, frontline supervisors (Hoon 2007),shareholders, individuals with professional dexterities, and other internal as well as external stakeholders (Jeffrey, April Daniel, 2003; Swayne, Duncan Ginter 2013). And further organisation would create strategic management community and strategic operating committee (Steiner). Strategic management committee comprises of top management, shareholders and other important board members, providing recommendation and pathway to operating committee (Steiner). And Operating committee include middle managers and other frontline supervisors implementing all the action need to be achieved in limited time zone (Steiner). And finally, Chandler health assures that there exist a healthy and harmonious interaction and relationship among the individual within the strategic community and act as a unit. 4. Establish transparency within the staff of the organisation. For the effective execution of strategy, each and every individual employed within the organisation must be conscious and have a profound insight about the vision, mission, values and aim of the strategy. As transparency within the staff is the major value of Chandler health, organisation is committed to provide a level of transparency with the staff so that there is better exchange and sharing of ideas, expansion of innovative insight, critical investigation and give and take discussion (Swayne, Ducan Ginter 2013; Davis 2014). Communication undoubtable plays a vital role in the delivery of the information. In order to enhance effectiveness of strategy and to minimise errors, Chandler Health has formulated an efficient communicating strategy (Mortenius et al. 2011; Davis 2014). And further on organisation has focused to allot simple, transparent, accurate and understandable format and means of communication to employees as incomplete, complex communication misguide the staff from the goals of the organisation. Chandler Health organisation has introduced three major communication pathways; oral, written and Electronic pathways (Mortenius et al. 2011). Oral Pathway: Meeting, Seminar, workshops and training Written Pathway: Newspaper, Organisation magazine and broachers, reports, researches and bulletins Electronic Pathway: E-mails, official websites and other visuals means. On the other hand, chandler Health actuate all the core member of the organisation and employee to be expressive and receptive while communicating and respect individuals (Davis 2104) and planning to introduce â€Å"SBAR (Situation-Background- Assessment- Recommendation)† (Davis 2014) â€Å"a system of communicating crucial and cardinal information requiring prompt decision and operation. 5. Evaluation of strategy Evaluation of the strategy is the major phenomenon to measure the progress of the organisation (Pumet). Chandler Health organisation is obligated to conduct; â€Å"Customer experience online survey system† (Forest Research 2007) and collect all the feedback from the customers about the facilities and healthcare delivered by the organisation, as Chandler health believe in customer centricity which not only refines healthcare and services but also motivates to meet the appetite and intention of the consumers (Lutz 2008). â€Å"Balance score sheet† that measures the outcome of four field of organisation; relationship with consumers, interpersonal relation, values of organisation, and financial structure of organisation (Braam Nijssen 2004). Annual meeting of the all the stakeholders including staffs of the chandler health organisation and discuss about the feedback, issues and hardship induces in the implementation and action process of the strategy. Identify the flaws of strategy through discussion and amend it in future. References Lutz, S. 2008, A Strange Fit for a King: A Customer Experience Framework, Consumer-Driven Healthcare, vol. 53, pp. 356-9 Rumelt, R.P., Evaluation of strategy: Theroy and Models, pp. 196-217. Forrester Research 2007, North American Technographics ® Customer Experience Online Survey,Cambridge, MA. PricncewaterhouseCoopers 2008,How Consumer conversation will Transform Business, 10/01/2008,www.pwc.com/extweb/pwpublications.nsf/docid/452132E0E4043D6E852573D9005BF037>. Braam, G.J.M. Nijssen, E.J. 2004,Performance effetcs of using the Blance Scoresheet on the Dutch experience,LongRange Planning,vol 37,no. 4,pp. 335-349. Epstein, R.M., Fiscella, K., Lesser, C.S. Stange, K.C. 2009, Why The Nation Needs A Policy Push On Patient-Centered Health Care, Health Affairs, vol. 29, no. 8, pp. 1429-95. Davis, A. 2014, Core Communication Competencies in Patient-Centered Care, ABNF Journal, pp. 40-45. Freeman, R. E. 2010, Strategic management: A stakeholder approach, Cambridge University Press,United Kingdom. Morden, T. 2007Principles of Strategic Management,3rd edition, Ashgate. Mortenius, H., Maklund, B., Palm, L., Fridlund, B. Baigi, A. 2011, The utilisation of knowledge of and interest in research and development amnong primary care staff by means of stratgic communication-a staff cohort study., Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, vol. 18, pp. 768-75. Swayne, L.E., Duncan, W.J. Ginter, P.M. 2012,Strategic Management of Health Care Organizations, 6thedn, John Wiley Sons Ltd, USA. Steiner, G.A.,Strategic Planning What Every Manager Must Know,A Division of Simons Schuster Inc.1230 Avenue of the Americas, New York. Hoon, C. 2007, Committees as strategic practice: The role of strategic conversation in a public administration., Human Relations, vol. 60, no. 6, pp. 921-51. Jeffrey, L.C., April, K. Daniel, T. 2003, Board Composition, Committees, and Organizational Efficiency: The Case of Nonprofits, Nonprofit Voluntary Sector Quarterly, vol. 32, no. 4, p. 493. Wood, J., Sarkani, S., Mazzuchi, T. Eveleigh, T. 2013, A framework for capturing the hidden stakeholder system, Systems Engineering, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 251-66. Johnson, R.L., Saha, S., Arbelaez, J.J., Beach, M.C. Cooper, L.A. 2004, ORIGINAL ARTICLES Racial and Ethnic Differences in Patient Perceptions of Bias and Cultural Competence in Health Care, JGIM: Journal of General Internal Medicine, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 101-10. Constand, M.K., MacDermid, J.C., Bello-Haas, V.D. Law, M. 2014, Scoping review of patient-centered care approaches in healthcare, BMC Health Services Research, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 572-92. Stephen, R. BArnwell, N. 2007,Organisational Theory Concepts and Cases,5th edn, Pearson Education Australia.

The Impact of Blood Sugar and Insulin on Dieting :: exploratoty essay research paper

The Impact of Blood Sugar and Insulin on Dieting People, who support weight loss plans, believe that isolating the different causes of obesity and overweight will guarantee weight loss in a short amount of time. By isolating the different causes of weight gain, the supporters of the weight loss plans believe that losing weight will be made simpler for people, who would want to lose weight without devoting too much time for exercise and dieting. The causes of weight gain are determined by a person’s consumption of food and production of hormones. The supporters of weight loss plans feel that limiting the production of certain hormones through the regulation of food consumption can significantly reduce weight lose in comparison to exercise and dieting. Insulin is a hormone that significantly contributes to weight gain (Hertzler & Kim, 2003). Insulin is a hormonal substance that is produced and dispersed within the body for regulation of blood sugar. The flow of blood sugar is regulated converting sugar into energy. The energy converted from the sugar by molecules is either needed immediately by the body or converted into fat cells for later use during times when the body needs more energy to function. A large build up of fat cells within the body can contribute to weight gain (Eades & Eades 1996). Since fat cells are created from insulin, proponents of the weight loss plans believe that controlling the concentration of insulin within the body can guarantee immediate weight loss. By controlling the level of insulin through the consumption of food, the level of insulin production can be controlled at a level that can help with weight loss. By eliminating the consumption of foods that have high levels of sugar can guarantee an immediate weight loss. People could achieve a desired body weight in a short amount of time. Even though people on the weight lose plans can achieve weight loss in a short amount of time. The quick loss of weight can be harmful for the body. The elimination of sugar from someone’s diet can have negative affects on their body. One of the negative affects of eliminating sugar from someone’s daily consumption of food is the potential risk of having a low blood sugar level.

Learning Styles

The process of educating one's self can be a difficult process. That is if you don't understand your habits and the way you learn and absorb information. Luckily in these times educators are becoming more understanding to their students learning habits and are able to adapt to a students learning styles to better educate them. Some may not know in what category of learning style that they are, there are online surveys one can take to find out there learning style strengths.I myself have Just aken a survey and my results are as follows; Visual: 7 Aural: 9 Read/Write: 4 Kinesthetic: 9. Pretty much what this means is that I am good at listening and hands on learner. The survey also provided learning strategies to better help me. I scored strong on the Aural side (Auditory) strategies that were recommended are, Step 1: INTAKE: attend class discussions and tutorials, discuss topics with others and your teachers, explain new ideas to other people, use a tape recorder, pretty much any metho d that is easier for you to â€Å"intake† the information.Step 2: â€Å"SWOT† which means study without tears, convert your notes into a smaller package, as an Aural learner it would be key study with another aural learner like yourself, also have your partner listen to your understanding of the material discussed, and reading your summarized notes aloud to yourself is also key. Step 3: Output, which is how you will use this information on your tests, assignments and examinations. Imagine talking with the examiner or speaking the answers aloud and writing them down, listen to your voice nd write it down, spending your time in a quiet place is also helpful in recalling the information.I also scored strong on the kinesthetic part of the survey, which is someone who needs to experience something to learn from it, or you need to be able to relate to it, something real, or an easy way to remember it is a hands on person. Studying for every learning style uses the same three step process I discussed in paragraph Learning Styles Executive Summary Learning also known as studying usually occurs when some one can demonstrate that he/she knows something that they don’t know before and/or when they can do something they couldn't do before (skills).  Learning is set of skills, and like all other skills one can improve and develop them over time. Therefore it is important spending some time reflecting  on how to learn best, so that once learning can be more efficient and effective. Honey & Mumford's (1986) designed a Learning Style Questionnaire, which has four styles and these styles are Theorist, Activist, Reflector and Pragmatist.  One of the four learning styles described by Honey & Mumford (1986) is what we shall consider in this paper. Reflectors Reflectors like to stand back to ponder experiences and observe them from many different perspectives. They collect data, both first hand and from others, and prefer to think about it thoroughly before coming to any conclusion. The thorough collection and analysis of data about experiences and events is what counts so they tend to postpone reaching definitive conclusions for as long as possible. Their philosophy is to be cautious. They are thoughtful people who like to consider all possible angles and implications before making a move. They prefer to take a back seat in meetings and discussions. They enjoy observing other people in action. They listen to others and get the drift of the discussion before making their own points. They tend to adopt a low profile and have a slightly distant, tolerant, unruffled air about them. When they act it is part of a wide picture which includes the past as well as the present and others' observations as well as their own. Conclusion Honey and Mumford (1992) define a reflector as one who likes to stand back and ponder experiences from many different angles. They collect data and prefer to think about it thoroughly before coming to any conclusion. They tend to be cautious and thoughtful and usually listen to discussions and get the gist of the arguments before making their own points. Once you have identified that the reflector learning style is the one that most closely suit you. You can improve your learning skills following the Honey and Mumford strategies stated in this paper References 1. De Bono, E. (1967) The Use of Lateral Thinking, Penguin Books Ltd, Harmondsworth. 2.   Honey, P. and Mumford, A. (1986) The Manual of Learning Styles Peter Honey, Maidenhead, UK. 3.   Honey, P. and Mumford, A. (1992) The Manual of Learning Styles, Peter Honey, Maidenhead, UK. Learning Styles The process of educating one's self can be a difficult process. That is if you don't understand your habits and the way you learn and absorb information. Luckily in these times educators are becoming more understanding to their students learning habits and are able to adapt to a students learning styles to better educate them. Some may not know in what category of learning style that they are, there are online surveys one can take to find out there learning style strengths.I myself have Just aken a survey and my results are as follows; Visual: 7 Aural: 9 Read/Write: 4 Kinesthetic: 9. Pretty much what this means is that I am good at listening and hands on learner. The survey also provided learning strategies to better help me. I scored strong on the Aural side (Auditory) strategies that were recommended are, Step 1: INTAKE: attend class discussions and tutorials, discuss topics with others and your teachers, explain new ideas to other people, use a tape recorder, pretty much any metho d that is easier for you to â€Å"intake† the information.Step 2: â€Å"SWOT† which means study without tears, convert your notes into a smaller package, as an Aural learner it would be key study with another aural learner like yourself, also have your partner listen to your understanding of the material discussed, and reading your summarized notes aloud to yourself is also key. Step 3: Output, which is how you will use this information on your tests, assignments and examinations. Imagine talking with the examiner or speaking the answers aloud and writing them down, listen to your voice nd write it down, spending your time in a quiet place is also helpful in recalling the information.I also scored strong on the kinesthetic part of the survey, which is someone who needs to experience something to learn from it, or you need to be able to relate to it, something real, or an easy way to remember it is a hands on person. Studying for every learning style uses the same three step process I discussed in paragraph

To Toll or Not To Toll

Various public facilities have important uses aside from revenue generation of the government. Like the tollgates, these facilities serve for the conduct of checkpoints, safety for the commuting public and substantially generate government revenues. On the contrary, tollgates are also criticized as the bottlenecks of traffic as vehicles lined up at the maximum or minimum performance of the tollkeepers. In the State of Connecticut, the Federal state and local governments plans reinstalling tolls on its highways. Several perceptions insinuate that causes of road accidents were due the absence of tollgates.It could be for the reasons that tollgates would slow down the speed of approaching vehicles as tollkeepers manning the traffic congestion from entry and exit lanes. This position paper will discuss and examine several points of considerations relating the reinstallation of tollgates in the State of Connecticut. Discussions It has been earlier reported in the 1980s that the removal of toll booths in the State of Connecticut have subsequently attributed to several road accidents that accounted about seven people who crashed and died at the Stratford tolls.In brief, Connecticut had more than 100 private turnpikes which were built from the period 1790 to 1850. The popularization of automobiles in the mid-20th century resulted to renew toll-backed financing to finance highways. In the 1990s to early 2000, technology plays a vital aspect in toll innovations through the introduction of electronic toll collection machines. Based on the May 10th 2009 news item ‘Toll proposals to be discussed at Thursday hearing’ by Martin B.Cassidy from the electronic publication of The Advocate, the Chairman of the Transportation Strategy Board Kevin Kelleher stated that â€Å"all the tolling concepts would use an EZ-Pass system†, referring to the system that would collect or tabulate fees from cars traveling at a speed of 55 miles per hour and up (1). Corey Sipe (2 006) in his article at Associated Content electronic publishing has discussed the analysis of James J. Fazzalaro of the office of Legislative research which cited that one-way gateway toll fees at $1. 00 could generate $58 million in revenues (1).Meanwhile, the web site of BethelRepublicans. Org (2009) has published ‘Opposed to Tolls on I-84 in Danbury’, implying that toll should not only be implemented to generate revenues but also to promote efficiency. Further, it reported that Connecticut Republican Senator Michael McLachlan pointed out on the issue of traffic congestion during a forum held at Western Connecticut State University on March 26th 2009. As cited from the article of BethelRepublicans. Org (2009), it quoted Senator McLachlan who said that â€Å"drivers are trying to avoid the I-84 tolls by rerouting in community areas† (2).In which case, rerouting in the residential community areas congest the traffic of small roads in Danbury and residents could b e prone to accidents. It may be acknowledged that Senator McLachlan has raised a considerable point not only on the issue of traffic situation but as well the public safety, in which could pave the way in the implementation of the tolling system. Despite the concern of Senator McLachlan, it was also pointed out that travel time, gas consumption and toll fees could be an added expense to reconsider (2).Indeed, many motorists tend to shorten their travel time and avoid the additional expenses for gas and toll fees. Moreover as previously covered in the article of Martin B. Cassidy (2009), the implementation of congestion pricing addresses the issue of efficiency. According to Cassidy (2009), the South Western Regional Planning Agency Executive Director Floyd Lapp commented that the state should use congestion pricing (1). It can be explained that â€Å"congestion pricing† is the process of charging distinctly separate toll rates on â€Å"peak or off-peak† travel time sch edules.Also, the toll rates can be implemented in two ways, namely â€Å"static pricing† is attained in periodic intervals on a monthly or quarterly basis with published toll rates adjustments, while â€Å"dynamic pricing† can be implemented by using â€Å"electronic traffic sensor system† to monitor the volume of traffic and automatically adjust the toll rates. Early this year, the Associated Press in its electronic news has published ‘Report Pending on Highway Tolls in Connecticut’ with reference to the $1 Million research contract which was engaged by Connecticut Transportation Strategy Board (CTSB) with Cambridge Systematics, Inc.(CSI). The Associated Press has implied the result of the research-study could be the turning point to realize the seemingly idyllic yet pending developments on the tolling project implementation. However, the Associated Press quoted that â€Å"it is still doubtful whether the CTSB would be supportive of CSI’s f indings and propositions† (1). On the following month after the comments of Associated Press, the year 2009 report of the Cambridge Systematics, Inc. (CSI) was then submitted to Connecticut Transportation Strategy Board (CTSB).The report which entitled: ‘Connecticut Electronic Tolling and Congestion Pricing Study’ was an independent technical study that formulated the strategic and feasible options in the implementation of the toll project. To generally describe the report, it contained variable conceptual framework on how the toll project can be effectively implemented and efficiently perform for public good, together with financial indicators that indicates the cost benefits of the state.Overall, the report has extensively presented the financial viabilities that comprised the operational components. As cited, the CSI report has highlighted the following findings (2): †¢ The New Toll Express Lanes require construction of new lanes and tolling, such as expre ss lanes: A-1: Interstate 95 (Branford to Rhode Island State Line), and A-2: Interstate 84 (Waterbury to New York State Line);†¢ Conceptually, every users pay toll in spite of the occupancy levels and types of vehicles; †¢ Neither access strip would produce traffic congestion, estimating from 6. 2 to 13. 8 percents decline of vehicles for every hour of delay, which shall be implemented at â€Å"I-95 and I-84† toll projects within one year period exclusive of new lanes. CSI (2009) has further presented the estimated revenue generation within a 30-year target, as shown in the illustration below:

Hamlet Study Guide, Act III Essays - Characters In Hamlet

Hamlet Study Guide, Act III Essays - Characters In Hamlet Hamlet Study Guide, Act III You do not need to write out any answers to these questions.. However, they may help you to identify information to review for the quiz. III.i 1.What do Rosencrantz and Guildenstern report to the king and queen about their success with Hamlet? 2.What plan do the king and Polonius devise to test whether or not the cause of Hamlets conduct is love for Ophelia? 3.Explain the contents of Polonius lines We are oft to blame in this Tis too much proved, that with devotions visage / and pious action we do sugar oer / The devil himself. 4.What effect does this comment have on the king? 5.In the famous To be or not to be soliloquy what is it that Hamlet concludes? 6.Why does Hamlet assume madness in his interview with Ophelia and speak so harshly to her? 7.What advice does Hamlet give Ophelia? 8.Explain lines beginning I say, we will have no more marriages 9.What is the tone of Ophelias soliloquy? 10. What does the king infer from Hamlets soliloquy and his words to Ophelia? 11. Why does the king fear Hamlet? 12. What suggestion does Polonius make? III.ii 1.What does Hamlet say the mission of the drama is? 2.Why does Hamlet speak to Horatio in the manner in which he does? 3.What is the dramatic purpose of his speech? 4.What does Hamlet say to Horatio about the play and his purpose in presenting it? 5.What change is there in Hamlet after the king, queen, Polonius and Ophelia have entered? 6.What puns does Hamlet make in speaking to Polonius? 7.What is the plot of the play which is presented before the king and queen? 8.What is meant by dumb-show? 9.What effect does the play have upon the king? 10.What point in the play within a play has been reached when Claudius reacts? 11.When all have left except Hamlet and Horatio, how does the former act? 12.Do Hamlet and Horatio now accept entirely without any reservations the message of the ghost? 13.What request from the queen does Rosencrantz bring? 14.What metaphorical comparison does Hamlet make between Guildenstern and a players pipe? 15.Of what does Hamlet charge Guildenstern? 16.What is the emphasis of Hamlets soliloquy at the close of this scene? 17.What has been accomplished dramatically in this scene? III.iii. 1.In his soliloquy, what does the king reveal of the murder; what of his mental, moral condition? 2.What are Hamlets reasons for not killing the king when he finds him alone, praying? Why is this terribly ironic? III.iv. 1. Whom does Hamlet kill? Who did he think it was at first? 2. Why does Shakespeare cause Hamlet to kill at this time? 3.How does Hamlet chide his mother? 4.What description does he give her of her first husband? 5.Why does the ghost come? 6.Why does Gertrude think Hamlets words and conduct indicate insanity? 7.What appeal does Hamlet make to his mother to reform? 8.What does Hamlet say to his mother concerning himself and his words to her? 9.What does Hamlet say about his journey to England? 10. What does he say about his purpose to circumvent the plot of the king?

Free Essays on Hamlet, His Psychological Estrangement Fueled This Tragedy

Hamlet, His Psychological Estrangement fueled this Tragedy Shakespeare’s play â€Å"Hamlet† is wrought with examples of tragic consequences, founded in large part due to Hamlet’s inability to make timely decisions, and follow them through to conclusion. Hamlet is an educated man and a thinker who lets his mind wonder, thus he often gets sidetracked pondering the future results from such actions. It is common human nature to ponder the consequence of ones decision. It is also regular for man to formulate possible courses of actions, analyze any ramifications that course my entail, and then make a choice. When faced with a situation tied in with a life of learned experiences, these decisions are finalized relatively quickly. Especially when coupled in periods of tragic circumstance. Of course this is when observed from afar. When viewed by the principle party involved, this may not seem to be the case. As adrenaline kicks in and our senses heighten, time seems to slow. Because our senses are running wide open and we are processing a lot of data, the resulting conclusion to our brain is that much time has passed. However it seems to us, our decisions usually occur in a relatively quick period of time. With Hamlet; however, this is not the case. He operates on different time. At times, it seems, without a sense of self-awareness as to the fact that his lack of timely action may result in his missing his window of opportunity to act. And as a result, his lack of action only adds fuel to his tragedy. His inaction causes tragic actions to occur. Throughout the play Hamlet seems incapable of deliberate action. When it comes to killing his uncle Claudius, the new king of Denmark, the same man who murdered his father, his psyche obsessively debates a course of action. In act III scene 3, Hamlet intends to kill Claudius only to realize he has been praying for forgiveness of his sins and retracts his sword. â€Å"A villain ki... Free Essays on Hamlet, His Psychological Estrangement Fueled This Tragedy Free Essays on Hamlet, His Psychological Estrangement Fueled This Tragedy Hamlet, His Psychological Estrangement fueled this Tragedy Shakespeare’s play â€Å"Hamlet† is wrought with examples of tragic consequences, founded in large part due to Hamlet’s inability to make timely decisions, and follow them through to conclusion. Hamlet is an educated man and a thinker who lets his mind wonder, thus he often gets sidetracked pondering the future results from such actions. It is common human nature to ponder the consequence of ones decision. It is also regular for man to formulate possible courses of actions, analyze any ramifications that course my entail, and then make a choice. When faced with a situation tied in with a life of learned experiences, these decisions are finalized relatively quickly. Especially when coupled in periods of tragic circumstance. Of course this is when observed from afar. When viewed by the principle party involved, this may not seem to be the case. As adrenaline kicks in and our senses heighten, time seems to slow. Because our senses are running wide open and we are processing a lot of data, the resulting conclusion to our brain is that much time has passed. However it seems to us, our decisions usually occur in a relatively quick period of time. With Hamlet; however, this is not the case. He operates on different time. At times, it seems, without a sense of self-awareness as to the fact that his lack of timely action may result in his missing his window of opportunity to act. And as a result, his lack of action only adds fuel to his tragedy. His inaction causes tragic actions to occur. Throughout the play Hamlet seems incapable of deliberate action. When it comes to killing his uncle Claudius, the new king of Denmark, the same man who murdered his father, his psyche obsessively debates a course of action. In act III scene 3, Hamlet intends to kill Claudius only to realize he has been praying for forgiveness of his sins and retracts his sword. â€Å"A villain ki...

Essential Element Facts in Chemistry

Essential Element Facts in Chemistry What Is an Element? A chemical element is  the simplest form of matter that cannot be broken down using any chemical means. Any substance made up of one type of atom is an example of that element. All atoms of an element contain the same number of protons. For example, helium is an element all helium atoms have 2 protons. Other examples of elements include hydrogen, oxygen, iron, and uranium. Here are some essential facts to know about elements: Essential Element Facts While every atom of an element has the same number of protons, the number of electrons and neutrons can vary. Changing the number of electrons forms ions, while changing the number of neutrons forms isotopes of an element.The same elements occur everywhere in the universe. Matter on Mars or in the Andromeda Galaxy consists of the same elements found on Earth.The elements were formed by nuclear reactions inside stars. Initially, scientists thought only 92 elements occurred in nature, but now we know many of the shorts of allotropes of carbon include diamond, graphite, buckminsterfullerene, and amorphous carbon. Although they all consists of carbon atoms, these allotropes have different properties from each other.Elements are listed in order of increasing atomic number (number of protons) on the periodic table. The periodic table arranged elements according to periodic properties or recurring trends in the characteristics of the elements. The only two liquid elements at room temperature and pressure are mercury and bromine.The periodic table lists 118 elements, but when this article was written (August 2015), the existence of only 114 of these elements had been verified. There are new elements yet to be discovered.Many elements occur naturally, but some are man-made or synthetic. The first man-made element was technetium.Over three-quarters of the known elements are metals. There are also a small number of nonmetals and elements with properties in between those of metals and nonmetals, known as metalloids or semimetals.The most common element in the universe is hydrogen. The second most abundant element is helium. Although helium is found throughout the universe, it is very rare on Earth because it does not form chemical compounds and its atoms are light enough to escape Earths gravity and bleed out into space. Your body contains more hydrogen atoms than atoms of any other element, but the most common element, by mass , is oxygen. Ancient man was exposed to several pure elements that occur in nature, including carbon, gold, and copper, but people did not recognize these substances as elements. The earliest elements were considered to be earth, air, fire, and water substances we now know consist of multiple elements.While some elements exist in pure form, most bond together with other elements to form compounds. In a chemical bond, atoms of one element share electrons with atoms of another element. If its a relatively equal sharing, the atoms have a covalent bond. If one atom basically donates electrons to an atom of another element, the atoms have an ionic bond. Organization of Elements in the Periodic Table The modern periodic table is similar to the periodic table developed by Mendeleev, but his table ordered elements by increasing atomic weight. The modern table lists the elements in order by increasing atomic number (not Mendeleevs fault, since he did not know about protons back then). Like Mendeleevs table, the modern table groups elements according to common properties. Element groups are the columns in the periodic table. They include alkali metals, alkaline earths, transition metals, basic metals, metalloids, halogens, and noble gases. The two rows of elements located below the main body of the periodic table are a special group of transition metals called the rare earth elements. The lanthanides are the elements in the top row of the rare earths. The actinides are elements in the bottom row.

Week 5 Discussion-Environmental Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Week 5 Discussion-Environmental - Essay Example   DDT offers much more benefits in saving lives from the Malaria menace which are  Ã¢â‚¬Å"well worth the risk†. Amir Attaran, Donald  R. Roberts, Chris F. Curtis & Wenceslaus  L. Kilama. (2004)  The pesticide DDT was touted again as â€Å"the most effective way to fight malaria† after being shunned for decades  as â€Å"an environmentally damaging chemical†. The  World Health Organization announced its support  for generally indoor spraying of  the pesticide   DDT specifically   to control the menace of mosquitoes in high risk countries. [Nature, Apoorva Mandavilli (2006)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   But this was not to be, and earlier this year, May (2009), â€Å"the UN agency quietly reverted to promoting less effective methods† to tackle the disease, which is definitely going to affect millions of the world’s poorest sections of society who depend greatly on this effective and affordable material. The UN officials are actually pushing for a â€Å"zero DDT world†, citing a pilot program, that reduced Malaria cases in Mexico and South America by using ‘chloroquine’ pills to unaffected people,†. But the fact is that ‘chloroquine’ is more effective in therapeutic use. In fact, scientists have reservations about the safety of the drug as it has proven to be toxic and can cause heart problems. This drug was effective in the sub-Saharan Africa, where maximum death occurs due to Malaria, but it started failing during 1970’s as the parasite developed resistance against the drug. Even if these drugs worked, they are very expensive for people to afford them and so impractical to be used especially for some of the poorest regions around the world.   So it shows that spraying of DDT is an integral part of  the effort to eradicate Malaria.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although WHO has not totally banned DDT, yet by revoking its approval, it has made things difficult for the poor

Exemplification Essay, Kozol, Zinsser, and MacFarquhar Essay

Exemplification , Kozol, Zinsser, and MacFarquhar - Essay Example In my teens, I helped unearth mysteries and solve crimes with the Hardy Boys and Nancy Drew. Later on, I sat in the courtroom and watched Atticus Finch deliver a riveting closing argument in defense of Tom Robinson in Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird. Recently, through Freakonomics by Steven Levitt, I learned that what passes for conventional wisdom in the society is not necessarily truth. This reading albeit for fun was quite instrumental in laying a foundation for more serious academic work as well as arming me with knowledge that helped me make sense of the various issues I encountered in life. Having profited from the knowledge I gained, I second Mark Twain in his classic assertion that he who cannot read good books has no advantage over him who cannot read at all. College students today are more concerned with grades than they are with acquiring knowledge. Students have realized the importance of having good papers in order to succeed in the outside world. They therefore endeavor to ensure that the grades they get are spick and span, which is often in great detriment to the knowledge gained in the courses that they pursue. As a result, untold hundreds of students roll out of campus half-baked but with excellent grades at which most employers cannot help but marvel. Zinssner quotes a fellow professor who bemoaned that in previous years, the key question he would get from students was on how they could make a difference in the world. However, over the years, this question changed to the kind of subject combinations that would be favorable to enable one to pursue a particular kind of course. Such students almost certainly end up not benefiting the society one single bit since all they did was to cram for the sake of passing an exam. He further highlights such problems by pointing out to students pursuing reputable courses such as

) What is fundamentally different AND the same about fiction, poetry, Essay

) What is fundamentally different AND the same about fiction, poetry, and drama, as three genres - Essay Example sually written to be acted out by people in front of an audience and thus must include a number of dialogues as well as the setting for each conversation that takes place during the course of the plot. Writing fiction, as compared to writing poetry or drama may be considered easier because fiction involves the writer to simply flood their thoughts across the pages while creating characters and a plot. The similarities among the three genres however include having a plot around which the story centres, may it be a piece of fiction, poetry or a theatrical drama. All three may also centre on specific characters and are narrated to the audience. They contain various metaphors and images as these are not restricted to poetry itself, taking the example of Shakespeare’s dramas and absolutely any fiction writer’s stories. That is what makes them an exciting read at the end and separates as well as connects the three genres

Research Paper Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Research Paper - Article Example Congress’ objectives are largely represented by policies and legislation, but most of them are implemented by the public sector where the public manager belongs. Therefore, members of this provision are implementers of decisions or ideas envisioned by law makers; they are instruments of reform and progress in the sector. The legislative arm of the government has the desire to make public administration systems more effective and efficient. It is for this reason that it may introduce policies and laws designed to achieve this goal. Currently, new public reform, based on neoliberalism or market economies has been implemented in the US and several other European countries with varied reactions. In the US, managers in the public sector are expected to cut down on bureaucratic coordination and instead adopt market competition or coordination as they carry out their duties. Most elected representatives aim at minimizing government expenditure, and a number of them believe that the reform movement of the day (neoliberalism) can help them achieve this. Therefore, Congress’s convictions and aims affect how public managers carry out their work as they are expected to share these objectives, as well. Provision of quality public services is seen as something desirable by the legislative arm and the public manager’s job is how these abstract ideas can be actualized (Pollitt & Bouckaert, 2000). In essence, some advocates in the legislature believe that reduction in government growth is a positive attribute as this allows it to work within its financial limits. Public managers are in charge of actual spending within various federal agencies, so they are expected to make reasonable discretions when doing their work. The neoliberal reform movement currently implies a move towards privatization rather than too much dependence on

Dissent About Nuclear Safety Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Dissent About Nuclear Safety - Case Study Example In order to have a clear conscience, she should speak her mind. The engineering codes require that safety and welfare of public be placed supreme above all else. The seniority of Brad over Alison pushes her to a weaker standing point. Alison is required to be careful here and be diplomatic in the way she presents her conflicting opinion. She should stick to her ethics and quote the NSPE code if she feels it is correct and necessary to do so. Most importantly, Alison should not be coerced to act in unison with other board members. Given that there has been a strong culture of unanimity, this paves way for the possibility that Alison may feel the need to act and think like the group, which is clearly wrong. This junior staff may find it necessary to abstain from voting if she feels that she should not cast a negative vote all alone. In case subsequent calculations indicate that a single heat exchanger would be adequate, that would not be erroneous for Alison to have cast a negative vote rejecting the other member’s decision. She is not doing so to stop the report from going on to NRC, but to ensure that the committee is doing what is required of them and that it works in the appropriate manner in while making decisions. Therefore, she has an obligation, even though different from the views of other members of the committee. Also, the committee has an obligation too to make sure that the opinions of others are always taken into consideration. Alison may be required to approach this issue from different angles. The first instance is requesting for a delay by stating that public safety is undoubtedly at risk and that the effects of a malfunction will be comparatively extensive. The tribulations and harms to the public will be instant, and the detriment to the public will be within 20 miles. The second instance is that she should

Social work dessertation -Does Every child Matter Analysing policies Essay

Social work dessertation -Does Every child Matter Analysing policies around Young Unaccompanied asylum seekers in UK - Essay Example er, it should be noted, together with the global spread of capitalism (Cemlyn & Briskman, 2003), there has been also the spread of poverty, instability and war (Cemlyn & Briskman, 2003). The conditions of poverty, instability and war have resulted into the massive displacement of people. Adults as well as children are â€Å"displaced across national borders by armed conflict and political oppression†(Boyden & Hart, 2007: 237). This circumstance is aggravated by the reality that the violence against the displaced people is perpetuated by the state (Boyden & Hart, 2007). However, the suffering of the displaced people does not end there. As they flee from their country because it can no longer provide security and protection on their lives, property and liberty, they seek asylum on other countries wherein they are perceived as ‘outsiders’ who may be â€Å"encroaching on national assets however justified their claim†( Boyden & Hart, 2007: 237).This forced migra tion with which people are subjected includes children. The United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR), currently offers support to around 8 million refugee children (Boyden & Hart, 2007: 238). There is a tremendous increase in the number of asylum-seeking children since it is claimed that the contemporary shape of wars has changed in such a way that wars are now fought within the state, at the centre of the cities, at the very heart of the towns. Being such, there is an increase in civilian casualties which in turn gives rise to the â€Å"emerging demographic profile in much of the global South, where up to 50 per cent of national populations are currently under 18 years of age, it is inevitable that children constitute a large proportion of the peoples displaced by conflict† (Boyden & Hart, 2007: 238). In this regard, among asylum seekers, there is now the occurrence of unaccompanied asylum-seeking children. â€Å"Unaccompanied children leave their homes for diverse reasons: poverty and lack of

Dissent About Nuclear Safety Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Dissent About Nuclear Safety - Case Study Example In order to have a clear conscience, she should speak her mind. The engineering codes require that safety and welfare of public be placed supreme above all else. The seniority of Brad over Alison pushes her to a weaker standing point. Alison is required to be careful here and be diplomatic in the way she presents her conflicting opinion. She should stick to her ethics and quote the NSPE code if she feels it is correct and necessary to do so. Most importantly, Alison should not be coerced to act in unison with other board members. Given that there has been a strong culture of unanimity, this paves way for the possibility that Alison may feel the need to act and think like the group, which is clearly wrong. This junior staff may find it necessary to abstain from voting if she feels that she should not cast a negative vote all alone. In case subsequent calculations indicate that a single heat exchanger would be adequate, that would not be erroneous for Alison to have cast a negative vote rejecting the other member’s decision. She is not doing so to stop the report from going on to NRC, but to ensure that the committee is doing what is required of them and that it works in the appropriate manner in while making decisions. Therefore, she has an obligation, even though different from the views of other members of the committee. Also, the committee has an obligation too to make sure that the opinions of others are always taken into consideration. Alison may be required to approach this issue from different angles. The first instance is requesting for a delay by stating that public safety is undoubtedly at risk and that the effects of a malfunction will be comparatively extensive. The tribulations and harms to the public will be instant, and the detriment to the public will be within 20 miles. The second instance is that she should

British market for chocolate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

British market for chocolate - Essay Example The international as well as the national brand owners of chocolates in Britain are hugely concerned with tailoring their brands for local markets; and to meet the customer needs and desires. The customers in Britain market have a hard time describing their needs and desires regarding their choice and understanding for chocolateThere is just an imagination and desirable understanding to meet their needs by various chocolate brands. But various brands say that they’ve formulated the chocolate to suit the palate of British public which is more used to milk chocolates. Chocolate customers in Britain have started understanding of too much vegetable fat and sugar content in chocolates. Also, various manufacturers in other European countries have always been scathing of British chocolates for containing too little cocoa and too much vegetable fat. And the consumption is also slowing down as health and diet concerns are impacting sales. According to a market analyst Datamonitor the c ustomers now desire for low or â€Å"sugar-free and low carbohydrate products† and now the pace of growth in chocolate consumption is slated down. And the major players in the field – â€Å"Cadbury Schweppes, Masterfoods, and Nestle† have increasingly launched new low carbohydrate and sugar-free products. Customers of chocolate in Britain used to consider it as one of the â€Å"guilty pleasures†. But now it is no more considered so. ... (3) Now one of three British consumers (36%) want chocolates with health benefits and have understood the heath related issues connected to chocolate consumption. As per the European Consumer Survey conducted by Barry Callebaut - 'Predict Fast - Growing Demand for Healthy Chocolate', "38% consumers want chocolate with naturally reduced sugar". They also believe that chocolates can have positive psychological and physical influences on their well being - "6% of British consumers think it to be good for the memory", "23% think these boosts the morale and vitalises(20%) you", "15% think it is good for memory" and 7% consumers think that "it is good for the heart and the cardiovascular system." (4) Brand or Product Positioning of Chocolates in British Market In today's market, brands and their positioning has become the major issue. Brands are now increasingly thought to be powerful weapons to attract consumers and to make them loyal customers. Recently conducted survey by U.K's Centre for Brand Analysis (CBA) in July, 2008 proved a great flight of Green & Black brand and the drop down of many others as Mars which "fell out of the top 100, dropping 117 places to 175". Cadbury slid from 10th position to 19th whereas Lindt and Thornton's both rose up with Thornton's moving to 18th position. And it has been concluded by CBA that the brands which want to remain fighting in the field of chocolate should firmly possess the most valuable asset - the dark chocolate, but fairly sweet and of low sugar for British consumers. Mintel, the analyst stated that, "even though people are still cutting back on the amount of chocolate they eat, sales in the two years to 2007 saw no less than 10 percent increase in

Strategy of international business pressures

Strategy of international business pressures The strategy of international business involves analysing the progression of globalization in the worlds economy and how a company responds and what measures it takes, strategy-wise to compete effectively beyond national borders. It involves business transactions crossing national borders at any stage of the transaction; it also involves dealing with many different cultures and extensive field experience. 2.1 GLOBAL EXPANSION There are many advantages for firms who expand globally which include increasing their profitability and higher growth of profits. Most basically it creates a larger market size. It allows firms to reduce their costs through differentiation. Global expansion helps realize location economies, recognize higher cost economies and earn a higher return by exploiting any valuable skills from foreign actions. 2.2 COMPETITIVE PRESSURES. The competition in the market place is not easy for the firms. Firms in the market place usually face two types of pressures. 2.2.1 PRESSURES FROM COST REDUCTION. One type of pressure is the one they receive due to pressures for cost reductions. In response to this companies try to lower the costs of their value production. Ways a firm may do this could include mass producing standardized products in a location where it is most optimal to do so and realize economies of scale and location and/or outsourcing certain functions of the job to foreign suppliers that cost less so as to reduce costs. Most companies face difficulties distinguishing commodities since differentiating non-price factors is complex. 2.2.2 PRESSURES FROM LOCAL RESPONSIVENESS. The second pressure they face is that from local responsiveness. Such pressures arise from varying differences in traditional practices, infrastructure and customers preferences and tastes. To respond to this, firms need to differentiate their products in each country to take into account all these factors. 2.3 CHOOSING A STRATEGY. Differences in the strength of pressures for cost reductions versus those for local responsiveness affect the firms choice of strategy. Firms typical choose among four main strategic positions when competing internationally. These can be characterized as a global standardization strategy, a localization strategy, a transnational strategy, and an international strategy. The appropriateness of each strategy varies given the extent of pressures for cost reductions and local responsiveness. 2.4 PROCTER GAMBLE. Procter Gamble was founded in 1837. It is one of the worlds most international companies. PG sells over 300 brands including tide pampers, Crisco and IAM pet food. Nowadays PG is a large global consumer product business that has sales of over $50 billion. Most of these sales are generated outside the United States in Canada, Britain, Western Europe, Japan and other Asian nations. These expansions led to growth opportunities, created value by transferring its business model to foreign countries and preempted other retailers that were also starting to expand globally. However the company started facing some issues and had to rethink their strategies of expanding globally. 4.0 PG REORGANIZATION. Procter Gamble, as observed were initially following an international strategy, which was possible since they had low pressures to reducing costs and low pressures on local responsiveness. However their costs were rising and in 1993, in response to the increase of costs, they initiated a major reorganization. During this they closed down thirty manufacturing plants worldwide and fired about 13000 employees. In addition to this they focused their production on lesser plants so that they could reach regional markets and achieve better economies of scale. It is apparent that PG are moving towards a global standardization strategy from their previous international strategy. 4.1 GLOBAL STANDARDIZATION STRATEGY. This strategy is appropriate if the cost reduction pressures are high but the pressure on local responsiveness stays low. Under this strategy the products are standardized worldwide. They undertake a low cost approach on an international basis. They rarely try to differentiate their product offering because often their costs increase when customization is undertaken. As a result of this strategy, PG reduced their costs by about $600 million but it still was not enough. Their profits were still not favorable and sales were slow as ever. 4.2 ORGANIZATION 2005. In 1998, PG tried yet again to control these increased pressures and embarked on its second reorganization. They named it Organization 2005. The company hoped to change the ways in which their products were being innovated, manufactured and marketed. The strategy consisted of modifying the structure of the organization, culture and work processes comprehensively. It including laying off 17000 employees within the next 3 years and it changed its organizations structure by breaking up their four geographic business units and focusing it on 7 global business units (GBUs). These units were derived according to product categories ranging from food products to baby care. Each unit was completely in charge for generating profits from their products and also their own marketing, production and product development. Their focus shifted to only few large plants, trying to build global brands where possible so as to remove differences in marketing among countries. It also intended to speed up th e developing and launching of new products. It is evident that PG is now moving towards a transnational strategy because they are faced with high pressures to cost reduction as well as high pressures to local responsiveness. The international and global standardization strategies failed to be effective since PG didnt take into account the falling barriers to trade and customers abilities to trade internationally and therefore increase in demand for variety of goods. 4.3 TRANSNATIONAL STRATEGY. A transnational strategy is one where companies try to keep their costs low while simultaneously differentiating the products they offer across national borders and fostering a flow of skills across different subsidiaries in their operations network worldwide. This strategy is difficult and involves the company in balancing the local markets demands for consumer products whilst concurrently aiming to save their costs. PGs seven units are called global business units, but function on a very decentralized way. They develop their strategies locally or regionally and implement them. In other words their product development, delivery and marketing are conducted locally whereas the background functions of finance, payroll and human resource management is carried out on a worldwide basis. 4.3.1 BENEFITS AND RISKS. There are many benefits for pursuing a transnational strategy. It enables firms to gain scale economies as well as location due to the increase in sales in global volume. It also helps transfer distinguishing competences and skills. The home country may hold many different competences and it is only right to share it with other countries as well. In addition it simultaneously lowers pressures on local responsiveness. However one risk they face is trying to differentiate the product to respond to local demands in different geographic markets raises costs, which run counter to the goal of reducing costs.

The Beak Of The Finch :: essays research papers fc

The Bogus Logic of The Beak People who have served in the Armed Forces may be familiar with the expression, "If you can't dazzle then with your brilliance, baffle them with your baloney." The Beak of the Finch uses such laughable logic, it is remarkable that anyone would believe it. The book does such a terrible job of presenting a case for evolution and history, that the only logical conclusion is that the book's true intent is to disprove it.   Jonathan Weiner, The Beak of the Finch: A Story of Evolution in Our Time. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1994. ISBN 0679400036.   "It is never too late to give up our prejudices. No way of thinking or doing, however ancient, can be trusted without proof." --Thoreau, Walden This book claims to be about evolution, centered in the location made famous by Charles Darwin, the Galapagos Islands. I read this book on the recommendation of a good friend who knows I am interested in birds and thought I might get something out of it. Indeed, the few parts of the book actually about the Gouldian Finches of the Galapagos Islands are fascinating. The book records in detail some of the trials the Dr. Peter Grant family endured in studying these birds on a hot volcanic rock. However, the writers and editors of the book avoid simple logic and put a spin on history that is misleading. The facts and logic presented in The Beak of the Finch really make the book's author out to be a closet creationist.   It just so happened that at the same time I read this book, I was reading The Storm Petrel and the Owl of Athena by Louis Halle. Half of The Storm Petrel is on the bird life of the Shetland Islands, another isolated natural system. Halle, though an evolutionist, devotes a whole chapter on how the Shetlands and other islands conserve species. (Halle. 1970, 155ff.) Where species have changed their habits, it is most often due to adaptation to humanity. He compares the wild starlings, house sparrows, and rock doves found on the Shetlands with the more domesticated versions of these birds found on the continents--and to some degree even in the main village of the Shetlands. The island birds are more like their original wild forebears. I mention this now because it will come back to haunt us later.   Logical Fallacies By the first thirty or so pages I had found two logical fallacies and at least one historical inaccuracy in The Beak of the Finch.

truama c-spine Essays -- essays research papers

Trauma C-Spine   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This essay is not intended to criticize any emergency medical or hospital staff. I am writing this essay out of concern for patients who come into the emergency room that may have a jeopardized spinal cord resulting from an injury or suspected injury to their cervical spine. I am a certified emergency medical technician, farm-medic instructor and currently a medical diagnostic student doing clinicial's. In the United States each year there are approximately 10,000 reported cervical spine injuries that come into emergency rooms. Motor vehicle accidents account for approximately 45%, falls approximately 30%, the remaining 25% from sports and miscellaneous. Although only a small amount of these spinal injuries are life threatening, they all need to be treated as such. Survival of these patients depends on pre-hospital care, emergency room care and quality diagnostic radiographs, all done at times under extreme time restraints and pressure.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The number one goal in patient care is not to make any situation worse than it already is. Most pre-hospital care is usually done by emergency medical technicians. Their main concern is to assess, stabilize and transport the patient to a facility that can give additional care and treatment. The emergency room staff is the second step to the patient’s survival. Their duties include further stabilization, evaluation and treatment of the patients’ injuries. Radiographers are to supply ER doctors with quality diagnostic X-rays so they can make informed decisions about further patient care. Each of these groups need to be aware of what is involved with the other’s job, so that the patient will receive the best of care.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Emergency medical personnel are trained in the proper pre-hospital care of patients in the field. Pre-hospital care of patients suffering from suspected cervical spine injury involves making sure the patient has a patent airway. Placing a properly sized C-collar on the patient to stabilize the neck. Packaging the patient for transport to the emergency room, which involves proper placement and securing of patient on backboard, and making sure to secure the head and shoulders so there is no movement of these areas by the patient. While enroute to the hospital emergency room further assessment of patient can b... ...this! EMS responds to a motor vehicle accident and have to place a patient on backboard with a c-collar applied. The EMS crew just had a continuing education program presented by an X-ray technician that showed them what they could do to help speed up c-spine exam time and also help reduce patient risk, so the EMS crew removed the patients jewelry before they applied the c-collar. Upon arrival at the hospital the proper X-rays were ordered to evaluate the patient for cervical spine injury. The radiographer arrived with help to do the necessary exam. The patient was taken into the exam room and since the radiographers had just completed a continuing education program on patient care, where cervical spine injuries were involved, they were very careful when moving the patient. They kept the patient on the backboard and did not attempt to move the patient’s head or neck. The radiographers made sure that the films they showed to the doctors were of diagnostic quality.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Could this happen? Yes, if everyone involved was properly trained, took pride in their work and departments were adequately staffed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Does this happen? I hope so.

Astonomy

Small tutorial groups for Individual discussions each eek (â€Å"Questions of the Week†) Welcome to Astronomy/Origins 2803 Your instructor: Dry. Christine Wilson – astrophysics, relativity, cosmology – Keep an individual Journal on the Avenue to learn site -Respond with your thoughts and questions (through the Avenue site) to the weekly topics Jeremy Webb (Head TA) Special guest lecturers & a team of excellent Task! Your tutorial group meetings start Swept. 10th! A bit about me – Professionally I am an â€Å"observational astronomer†. My main interests are gas and star formation in galaxies.I work primarily with radio and far-infrared data. A bit about the course – Vie been a professor at Master for 22 years. – Focus on big questions in physical sciences (with no math!! ): – Last year I was on sabbatical working with the Tacoma Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) in Santiago, Chile and in Charlottesville, Virginia. – The chance to discuss the big, fundamental questions of science – space and time, the universe on large scales, the big bang, dark matter Marking Scheme more details provided on Avenue Site 35% Final exam 15% 4% Clicker questions 22% Project 14% Participation in tutorials (not Just attendance!Individual Journal First Mark in the course comes from logging into Avenue to Learn â€Å"Tutorials† are a key component of the course tutorials start in the first full week of classes (10th) make sure you have signed up for one! ** account for a significant portion of your final mark switching of tutorial sections can only be done with Solar Log onto Venezuelan and introduce yourself to the rest of your tutorial section and introducing yourself to the rest of your tutorial group! Deadline – September 1 5th Avenue to Learn Astronomy 2803 / ORIGINS 2803 Tutorial groups start Swept 10th.Here's how they work: – The discussion â€Å"question of the week† will be announced b eforehand on Avenue – Think about it overnight and come to your tutorial group ready to discuss it – thoughts, reflections, conclusions, further questions. – Your TA will set up the question and divide you up into smaller discussion groups for half the period. Then, each subgroup summarizes its conclusions – final round for general discussion. What you'll find on the avenue page: – Course Materials (outline, detailed marking scheme, project lists) A discussion area for your tutorial group – Place to write your Journals (only your TA can see your entries! (more details to come) – Calendar of important dates – Place to ask questions Click on Content ‘-Clickers -Register using your MAGIC!!! (not student #) -Write down your clicker serial number somewhere, it will wear off! Discussion topic for next weeks tutorial meeting (tutorial groups start next week! ) What are the ethical implications of colonizing Mars or other places in the Solar System? Should we do it? What do you think about the Mars One Idea?

How does the mass media reinforce sterotypes? Essay

Stereotyping is a mental activity that is neither natural or necessary; however, due to laziness, upbringing or coincidental experiences (Lester, 1996, p.1), the stereotyping of individuals results in harmful generalisations that ultimately deny an individual’s ‘unique contribution to humanity’ (Lester, 1996, p.1). When the mass media engage in stereotyping, misleading representations concerning members from diverse cultural groups are confirmed. In this essay, a broad range of texts will be used to examine the ways in which the mass media construct and reinforce social stereotypes around gender, ethnicity and age, as well as how the media shape one’s imagination though direct images. It cannot be doubted that the media profoundly influence people’s attitudes and outlooks. They convey a whole variety of information which individuals would not otherwise acquire. Newspapers, books, television, radio, films, recorded music and popular magazines (Giddens, 1989, p.79) bring individuals into close contact with experiences of which we ‘would otherwise have little awareness’ (Giddens, 1989, p. 79). There are very few societies, in current times, even among the more traditional cultures, which remain completely untouched by the mass media. Electronic communication is accessible even to those who are completely illiterate, or in isolated areas of the world. According to Juredini and Poole, gender usually refers to the ‘behavioural and attitudinal characteristics’ as well as roles that are learned and derived from a ‘particular cultural milieu’ (2000, p.171). An important source of gender information in a consumer society is television. Despite some notable exceptions, for example ‘Sesame Street’, most television shows continue to portray males and females in stereotypical gender roles (Sigorelli, 1990, citied in Newman, 2000, p. 136). In a recent study of television programs, male characters are more likely than female characters to occupy leadership roles and achieve them, as well as being portrayed as inquisitive. In addition, they are more likely to be portrayed in a recognisable  occupation, demonstrating to audiences that males are more career orientated and dedicated to work, and emphasising stereotypes that they are the traditional ‘bread winners’ of the household. Alternatively, females are cast into the role of the caregiver (Thompson and Zerbinos, 1995, cited in Newman, 2000, p. 136). Despite the fact that women make up a majority of the population, most prime time characters on  television are male (Smith, 1997, cited in Newman, 2000, p. 136), and are still portrayed as powerful and rational. Women express emotions more easily and are more likely to be flirtatious in order to get their own way. Similarly, in print advertising, women were seen to be in the home, being dependent upon men, and not making ‘independent and important decisions’ (Creedon, 1989, p. 249), and are often viewed by themselves and by others as sex objects. In addition, the symbols involved in advertising often have a more profound influence on social behaviour than the stated messages the advertising wishes to put forward. Thus, gender divisions are often symbolised in ‘what goes on in the setting or the background of a commercial’  (Giddens, 1989, p. 446), rather than what it is explicitly selling. In many advertisements, men appear mentally and physically alert, while women are shown gazing into the distance in a dreamy way (Goffman, 1979, cited in Giddens, 1989, p.446). A central gender concern is that advertising is a ‘shorthand form of communication’ (Creedon, 1989, p. 249) that must make contact with the consumer immediately, in order to establish a shared experience or identification, and is most popularly undertaken through stereotypical imagery. In turn, these images form the ‘cores of [one’s] personal tradition, the defenses of [one’s] position in society’ (Creedon, 1989, p. 249), thus reinforcing the social stereotype. Children also receive gender lessons. Understandably, most research about the  influence of television and the media has concerned children, given the sheer volume of their viewing and the ‘possible implications for socialisation’ (Giddens, 1989, p. 444). In their literary pursuits, books have the capabilities to teach children what other children do in their culture and what is expected of them. In a study undertaken in America analysing preschool books, boys played a ‘more significant role’ in the stories by a ‘ratio of 11 to 1’ (cited in Newman, 2000, p. 135). Together, boys were portrayed in adventurous roles or undertook activities that required independence and strength, whereas girls were likely to be confined to indoor activities and portrayed as ‘passive and dependent’ (Newman, 2000, p.135). Similarly, the mass media construct and reinforce social stereotypes around ethnicity, particularly through their stereotypical images and portrayal of ethnic groups performing certain roles in society. Sociological approaches which attach particular importance to racism emphasise the limitations imposed on ethnic minorities by such hostility and discrimination (Haralambos and Holborn, 1995, p.688). The attention is  not placed upon the ethnic minority itself, however on the wider society which is the minority group. Negative stereotypes of African Americans in particular have been deeply ingrained in Anglo American cultures since Africans were brought into the country in chains (Lester, 1996, p. 21). The stereotypes served an essential purpose – they justified Anglo enslavement of Africans. Today however, the Anglos in America have been influenced by media images frequently seen on television and in newspapers of  African Americans who are ‘violent, criminal, drug-addicted and on welfare’ (Lester, 1996, p. 21). As in Australia, Aborigines have been given similar treatment, however they have ‘expressed deep concern’ (Ericksen, 1996, p. 45) about the way they have been represented in the Australian media. Through this, there has been considerably more Aboriginal presence in prime time television, particularly with programs outlining Aboriginal issues such  as ‘Black Out.’ Despite such advancements, regular direct and indirect means of associating Aboriginal persons with criminality, irrational destructiveness and disorder frequently occurs in today’s media. Through words such as ‘riot’ (Ericksen, 1996, p. 46) in Aboriginal headlines and disturbing footage on television, audiences are influenced into constructing ethnic stereotypes of all  persons belonging to that culture or group. Corresponding with gender and ethnicity, the media construct and reinforce social stereotypes around age. According to Golman (cited in Lester, 1996, p.113), all too many television commercials fall back on stereotypes, showing the aged as feeble, foolish or inept, passing their time aimlessly in rocking chairs.’ Because seniors are a large and increasingly affluent market, one destined to grow larger as the 1950s baby boomers mature (Lester, 1996, p.114), advertisers should be sensitive to this group. If no sensitivity is used, some seniors may take out their anger and frustration towards images and advertising by ignoring or actively boycotting the product. The mass media reinforce images of the aged through stereotyping, which inevitably engender fear among the elderly, labelling them as ‘sick’ or ‘too old’ for certain things. In many cases, older men are seen to have power, whereas older women as seen as weak. Such an example can be seen in the instance where an older chairman in an American television commercial was shown preparing to give a speech to his  stockholders in a commercial for Coopers and Lybrand in 1993 (Lester, 2996, p. 90). Being an older woman is not so glamorous and well respected. If an older woman is not portrayed as loving grandmother, there is a good chance she will be portrayed as senile. Despite the media’s reinforcement of social stereotypes among the aged, awareness could assist a better understanding of the elderly in particular. Advertising agencies and advertisers employ young people to write and  prepare commercials. Most recent writers on this subject could conclude that ‘the age of the advertising producers is an important factor’ (Lester, 1996, p. 116) in creating the stereotypical images of age. Young creators working on senior accounts can be a problem, as they do not have the senior’s perspective, thus, engaging typically in stereotyping. Such hurdles can be overcome by consulting the large amount of research readily available on seniors, and by focusing on a group composed of seniors, which in turn will reinforce alternative views on age and aging. It is also arguable that the media, instead of being seen as a ‘neutral umpire’ between competing interests and an efficient way of disseminating information, critical theorists argue that the media are ‘very much implicated in power relations’ (Juredini and Poole, 2000, p. 313) in society. The most critical view of the media’s operations represents the reading, listening and viewing public as victims of a ‘giant con trick’  (Juredini and Poole, 2000, p. 313), believing in a truth convenient for the powerful groups who describe and interpret the world around us, thus, reinforcing the social stereotypes. The modern media of communication are similarly central to an individual’s life, providing many necessary information services as well as offering possibilities for self-enlightenment and entertainment. The media constructs and reinforces social stereotypes around gender, ethnicity and age around the images that are produced, and by the way they are capable of shaping the individual’s attitudes and beliefs. Despite such interpretations, it is the choice of the individual what they decide to consume from the diverse amount of information that is served openly to the public, and to eliminate misleading representations concerning members from diverse cultural groups.

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Essay

A good sales-person is one who possesses personality traits that is in their innate nature to interact with others. These are often difficult to teach but can be developed with time, depending upon the individual’s motivation to excel in their field of work. This forms the intrinsic motivation. However, the motivational tendencies of an individual sales-person alone are insufficient as it is also dependent upon extrinsic motivational factors. (Luke Ali 2011). It is a force that can spur or discourage an individual from achieving the fullest potential in any field. It can take the form of monetary or non-monetary benefits, which encompasses the extrinsic motivation of the sales-person (Luke Ali 2011). Knowing the fact that monetary incentives have been deeply entrenched as the basic method of reward for employees; it must not be assumed that relying on this method solely will be effective. Companies have to consider immaterial benefits to motivate its staffs. What is motivation? Motivation is to initiate action on a certain task. It is to expand a certain amount of effort on that particular task and to persist in expanding effort over a period of time. Therefore motivation is a driving force that pushes people to work, put in effort in their work and working harder than the rest. How to motivate your sales force to have great performance? It’s not just about the paycheck. Effective incentive compensation management is based on an understanding of basic human motivation—on the importance of trust, self-esteem, social recognition and improved chances to fulfill one’s potential (Bakosh 2007, 3). Leadership Many people assume salespeople are motivated by money, and while this is largely true, it’s absurd to think they are motivated only by money. Salespeople are still human and while commission bonuses and sales spiffs will probably remain an important part of most sales compensation plans, studies consistently show that financial incentives never have the same lasting impact as an employee who is passionate about his work and it is a simply not possible to be passionate about something that you think is inferior. Besides instilling natural passion into your sales team, a salesperson who truly believes in his product or service is far more likely to sell with integrity. Good teamwork is crucial to job satisfaction because it gives employees a sense of accomplishment when the objective is attained. Inspirational sales leaders are well aware that different individuals have different motivations and needs, and they vary their own style accordingly. An especially effective leader with consciously assesses each sales representative’s â€Å"ideal level of energy†, and creates productive â€Å"stretch† for each person according to the level of tension at which each performs at his or her personal best. He inspires some representatives mostly through positive reinforcement—â€Å"you can do it, you’re the best†Ã¢â‚¬â€and others mostly through constructive criticism, each according to their individual profit le and preference. Compensation Plans A well-designed compensation plan is crucial for the success of a company, and must not be overlooked. It has the ability to motivate or de-motivate an employee. In truth, it is valid to imply that, in this context, an effective plan can inspire the sales-person to generate more revenue for the success of a sales company .Hence, when designing the plan it involves the consideration of multi-factorial elements (Growth Process Group 2011). Every step has a purpose and needs to be taken into account. The sales behaviour goals are often misinterpreted by organisations, hence resulting in the failure to motivate their employees. Lastly, the design guidelines encompass the classification of the job and its entitled incentives (Growth Process Group 2011). Compensation Plans †¢Salaries are fixed amounts per month or year for performing a role. †¢Commission is a payment based on the value of sales achieved. This constantly motivates the sales-person especially since his income is strictly dependent on his sales. †¢Salary-plus-commission plans offer an incentive above a basic salary that provides a high-degree of flexibility securing salary and profits but also surpass one’s performance (Tokarev Sergey 2010). †¢Bonuses is based on one’s achievement and not working hard alone. It is the results that matters and bonuses should not be restricted to keep employees from producing results. (Lee Ann Obringer 2011) †¢Long-term incentive plans like profit-sharing plan reward employee for their performance over a continued period of time. This helps retain, motivates employees and even improve their commitment. Maslow’s hierarchy needs Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs is a motivational theory that illustrates that lower-needs need to first be satisfied before higher-needs can be pursued in a hierarchal sequence. Therefore, after a need is satisfied, it will cease to motivate an individual who will inevitably seek for the next higher-need. Each level requires different actions to meet these needs in order to effectively motivate. In relation to the compensation plans above, monetary benefits may only fulfil the lower needs for an individual. Ultimately, when these needs are achieved, it’s effectiveness in motivating individuals will gradually dwindle. Non-monetary benefits will then be necessary to satisfy the individual’s higher needs, in accordance to Maslow’s hierarchical system. Only through this, can companies sustain long-term motivational effects for its employees. In relation to the compensation plans above, monetary benefits may only fulfil in the lower needs for an individual temporarily. Ultimately, when these needs are achieved, non-monetary benefits will take precedence to satisfy the individual’s higher needs, in accordance to Maslow’s hierarchical system. Only through this, can it sustain long-term motivation effects. Yet, it is necessary to be weary that while Maslow’s theory has helped in the understanding of the application of compensation plans, applying this concept workplace can be tacky as different employees can be driven by different needs. Furthermore, there are insufficient evidences to substantiate the support of the hierarchy theory because its relevance to one job might not apply likewise to another (NetMBA 2010). A sales force specific hierarchy of motivational factors- Maslow hierarchy of motivation. By understanding how an integrated and holistic approach to motivation works the importance of trust, of self-esteem, of social recognition, of improved chances to fulfill one’s potential—traditional incentive compensation management strategies can be rethought and implemented in ways that improve the performance of the sales force and help the entire company achieve high performance (Bakosh 2007, 3).

Pacific Rim and French influence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pacific Rim and French influence - Essay Example For a time there were different empires: Dutch, Portuguese, Spanish, French, British, and the short-lived German and Italian empires in Africa and other regions. As such of the Southeast Asian Pacific Rim fell under the socio-political, economic influence of the French colonial power. In recent years, popular upheaval has sought to shake the chains of oppression. One such example is that of Vietnam. From the colonial period, France colonized Vietnam. After World War II, the Vietnamese began resisting the French rule with help of Communism. As France was losing its grip on the nation, the United States stepped in to try and halt the tide of communist advance in the region. This failing on the part of the French and subsequent American involvement culminated in the Vietnam War of the 1960s. During the 1900s, many of the traditional colonies of the European expansion won their independence from the West in terms of self-governing autonomy. This trend continues. The result of such changes in the Pacific Rim region is the south East Asian environment of today. To bring more political and economic strength, there has been recent progress towards the formation of an entity called the Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation (APEC). It represents the beginning of a regional community of countries to cooperate through integrated trade and cultural relations. Even though these countries have severed their colonial ties, they sometimes still feel the yoke of subjugation. To the anger of many of the Pacific Rim countries, France continues to use the region for nuclear testing. Grassroots movements against the dumping of hazardous wastes in the Pacific or the transshipment of wastes or of plutonium have risen against these policies. It seems that although these are sovereign nations, they must still battle imperialism in the form of protecting the environment. Here, we studied French

Legal Aspects of Safety and Health Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Legal Aspects of Safety and Health - Case Study Example To start with the company has ensured that the receptionist is fully aware of who to contact in case OSHA inspectors come knocking. Therefore, the OSHA inspector being at the reception office does not worry me much as the receptionist cannot allow them to speak to anyone else apart from me in this scenario. Furthermore, the receptionist is trained to take their time before allowing entry of such a visitor so as to buy little time for immediate and thorough preparation. After enough time is bought at the reception, I will gladly receive the officer and immediately request them to present their credentials and offer an explanation of the inspection as well as its purpose and scope. In case there are records they may wish to view, then it is important to know about it forehand. Requesting for this ensures that the officer is rightfully from OSHA as I also buy time for further preparations in the main facility since the receptionist is to inform relevant employees of a likely OSHA inspec tion. All these happen in the opening conference where I will also ask for a copy of the employee’s complaint (although the name will be deleted) to be aware of the specific issues raised. A warrant or subpoena should be presented and I will read it carefully to see the extent of the inspection. After all the above are fulfilled, the inspector may proceed while I accompany them throughout the inspection trying to maintain calm and professionalism. The key to such a situation will be to ask as many questions as possible to avoid questions from them while answering what I am asked truthfully but without volunteering information. Taking notes of comments and situations inspected is also important as well as taking photographs as similar as possible to those the official takes. I will try to make us take as little time as possible at the renovation site by wasting time on irrelevant areas. When at the renovation site there is likelihood that a hazard will be found since productio n is also continuing. The rule is not to agree that any hazard amounts to a violation. In order to demonstrate good faith the company will fix the possible violations after consultations with professionals and other company officials immediately after the closing conference. Consultations will be on the legal implications and remedies available together with their merits and drawbacks. Serious Near-Miss Crane Incident Near miss situations are quite serious especially when OSHA officials are involved. Heavy fines may be in the offing but every situation can be handled with care to prevent grave consequences. The most important concerns in this scenario include the evidence of injuries caused to workers, the claim that the 20 ton crane was trying to hoist 28-30 tons at the time of near-miss accident and that OSHA has been notified of the same in the name of â€Å"imminent danger†. These issues are critical and should be handled with care considering that they have been voiced b y the employees. Since OSHA has been contacted by an employee, there is a high chance that too much information will be flying their side during interviews with employees. In case evidence is found and concrete enough to warrant a citation, then the company stands to lose a great deal. Considering that the incident is fresh it is critical to acquaint myself with a number of issues. One is to get information regarding truthfulness that